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Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2610.

12292 (cs) [Submitted on 8 Oct 2026] Title:One Word Opens the Gate: The Option-Channel Attack on Typed Decision Models as Agent Guardrails Authors:Seyedarmin Azizi, Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo, Massoud Pedram View a PDF of the paper titled One Word Opens the Gate: The Option-Channel Attack on Typed Decision Models as Agent Guardrails, by Seyedarmin Azizi and 2 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:A typed decision model reads a piece of text and returns a probability over caller-defined options, each with a short written definition, generating no text.

Recent work places these models in agent systems as guardrails: the component that reads a proposed tool call or incoming message and decides whether to allow it.

We evaluate seven open-weight models in that role and report the two error directions separately: a fail-open error allows a prohibited action and is a vulnerability; a fail-closed error blocks a permitted one and is only a cost.

On prompt-injection, jailbreak and toxic-content screening, accuracy at the allow-or-block decision ranges from 36% to 72% against a chance level of 50%.A low error rate in one direction only reflects which answer a model defaults to: one allows nearly everything, another blocks nearly everything.

On a synthetic suite of agent tool calls, six lines of server log text that say nothing about the policy raise a gate's fail-open rate from 0% to 63% on a policy it otherwise decides correctly.

Giving the permissive option a misleading name, with its definition and the judged text untouched, raises that rate to between 93% and 100% on the four models that place the label in their input.

Every defense we tested is defeated, either by an attacker who targets its mechanism or by attacker-controlled text.Escalating the least confident decisions does not help either: a decision an attack has reversed is no less confident than the one it replaced.

Parsing each policy field into a typed value does eliminate one attack, but it also makes the model unnecessary: a deterministic rule over those values reaches 100% accuracy on all six policies.

These models can reduce how many cases reach a reviewer, but on this evidence they should not be the component that decides.Code is available at this https URL.Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2610.12292 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2610.12292v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.

org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.

12292 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo [view email] [v1] Thu, 8 Oct 2026 16:46:43 UTC (116 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled One Word Opens the Gate: The Option-Channel Attack on Typed Decision Models as Agent Guardrails, by Seyedarmin Azizi and 2 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.

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