ScamWorld測量網頁智能體受騙表現

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2611.

04879 (cs) [Submitted on 3 Nov 2026 (v1), last revised 4 Nov 2026 (this version, v2)] Title:ScamWorld: An Interactive Environment for Evaluating Web Agents Against Online Fraud Authors:Yutao Wu, Xiao Liu, Ming Wen, Hanxun Huang, Jun Wang, Xingjun Ma View a PDF of the paper titled ScamWorld: An Interactive Environment for Evaluating Web Agents Against Online Fraud, by Yutao Wu and 5 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Web agents increasingly browse, shop, and manage accounts on behalf of their users.

Prior work has shown that they can be misled by adversarial content, including prompt injections and deceptive interfaces.

Beyond such attacks, agents operating on the open web also encounter online fraud designed to deceive humans, including fraudulent online stores, fake investment platforms, and advance-fee schemes.

How web agents respond to such fraud during task execution remains underexplored, in part because scam websites are short-lived, making systematic evaluation difficult.

To address this gap, we introduce ScamWorld, an interactive environment that reconstructs reported scam websites across diverse scenarios, fraud mechanisms, and languages.

Each reconstructed website reproduces documented fraud mechanisms, making relevant signs of fraud observable before the agent's final action and enabling controlled, repeatable evaluation.

Through an extensive study of web agents powered by six frontier LLMs, we find that baseline deception rates range from 11% to 35% across models.Agents proceed more readily with payments than with requests for credentials or wallet information.

A closer analysis of agent trajectories shows that some agents acknowledge suspicious conditions yet proceed, at times treating the user's instructions as authorisation to accept additional terms imposed by the website.

ScamWorld provides a reusable testbed for systematically evaluating and stress-testing web agents against real-world online fraud.Comments: 15 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables.Code: this https URL Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) Cite as: arXiv:2611.04879 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2611.04879v2 [cs.

AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.

04879 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Oscar Wu [view email] [v1] Tue, 3 Nov 2026 13:31:11 UTC (14,977 KB) [v2] Wed, 4 Nov 2026 07:01:24 UTC (14,977 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled ScamWorld: An Interactive Environment for Evaluating Web Agents Against Online Fraud, by Yutao Wu and 5 other authorsView PDFHTML (experimental)TeX Source view license Additional Features Audio Summary Current browse context: cs.

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